{"id":59982,"date":"2019-02-24T14:44:47","date_gmt":"2019-02-24T13:44:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/almadar.be\/?p=59982"},"modified":"2019-02-24T14:44:47","modified_gmt":"2019-02-24T13:44:47","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/?p=59982","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>\n                <div class=\"twp-read-time\">\n                \t<i class=\"booster-icon twp-clock\"><\/i> <span>Read Time:<\/span>15 Minute, 26 Second                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\n\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\n\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a\/\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2 <\/strong><strong>\u0640 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0640 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u064f\u0644\u0644\u062a\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064060 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064d\n\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u064f\u0639\u0645\n\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1960 \u06481980. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u061b \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u061b \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0630\u0639\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\n\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Argyle,\n1975).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627\n\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(1) <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c\n\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(2) <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c\n\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(3) <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\n\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0632 (Alan Pease) \u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c\n\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u00bb (Pease, 1988\nand 1997: 4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\n\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629.\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\n\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 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\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u2026 \u0648\u0628\u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u00bb \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\n\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u00bb\u00bb (Longo, 2003: 18-19).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627\n\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629: \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646\u2026\n\u0625\u0644\u062e\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\n\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a (Galimberti) \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u00bb \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 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\u0644\u063a\u0629 (Galimberti,\n1998: 316-317).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0628\n\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\n\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062f\u0623\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646 (Charles\nDarwin)\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u060c \u0641\u064a\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 (Darwin, 1899)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f\n\u062d\u064f\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 1950 \u0640\n1970 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u062a\u0648 (Palo Alto) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\n\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Milton Erickson)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0643 (Paul\nWatzlawick)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0641\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0646 Goffman)\n(Ervin\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Paul Ekman)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0644 (Edward Hall)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938\u060c \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a (Otto\nKlineberg)\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\n\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\n\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\n1965\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 (Ekman, 1985)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\n\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 (\u0628\u0639\u062f 20 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u064a\n\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c 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\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644 (Ray Birdwhistell)\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u060c\n\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\n\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629\u061b 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\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u00ab\u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00bb\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\n\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 (Bauerlein,&nbsp;2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\n1960\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\n\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u2026 \u0625\u0644\u062e)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b\n\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649\/\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c\n\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642! \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629: \u00ab\u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\n\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00bb (Haraway, 1991: 152).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\n\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 (Giuseppe Longo) \u062d\u0648\u0644\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u00bb: \u2026\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. (\u0625\u0646\u0647) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u064d\n\u00ab\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u00bb \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0644\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u00bb. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\n\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Longo, 2003:\n23).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0629: \u00ab\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\n\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb (De Nardis,\n1999, and Fortunati, Katz and Riccini, 2003: 216).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0643\u0644\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\n\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064d \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\/\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f.<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(*)&nbsp;\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 28\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(**) \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0627: \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064a \u0640\n\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: alina.hrisca@yahoo.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(***)&nbsp;\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: drma_2010@yahoo.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/caus.org.lb\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a\/#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\n\u00abTechniques of the body\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u0645 1934.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/caus.org.lb\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a\/#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064e\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Argyle, Michael (1975).\nBodily Communication. NewYork: International Universities Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baudrillard, Jean (1993). The\nTransparency of Evil: Essays on Extreme Phenomen. London; NewYork: Verso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baudrillard, Jean (1998). The\nConsumer Society, Myths and Structures. London: Sage Publication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bauerlein, Mark (2009). \u00abWhy\nGen-Y Jonny Can\u2019t Read Nonverbal Cues: An Emphasis on Social Networking Puts\nYounger People at a Face-to-face Disadvantage.\u00bb Wall Street Journal, 4\/9,\n&lt;http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB10001424052970203863204574348493483201758&gt;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Borgmann, Albert (1984).\nTechnology and the Character of Contemporary Life: A Philosophical\nInquiry.Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burwood, Stephen (2007). \u00abThe\nApparent Truth of Dualism and the Uncanny Body.\u00bb Springer Science + Business\nMedia B.V.: 9 October.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Campbell, Courtney S. [et\nal.]. \u00abThe Machine in the Body: Ethical and Religious Issues in the Bodily\nIncorporation of Mechanical Devices.\u00bb in: B. Andrew Lustig [et al.]. \u00abAltering\nNature Volume Two: Religion, Biotechnology, and Public Policy.\u00bb Electronic\nResource, Philosophy and Medicine; 98,\n&lt;http:\/\/library.jkuat.ac.ke\/cgi-bin\/koha\/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=90190&gt;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Codoban, Aurel (2011).\nImperiul comunic\u0103rii. Cluj Napoca: Idea Design and Print.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corbin, Alain [et al.]\n(2006). Histoire du corps: Coffret 3 volumes. Paris: Seuil. (L\u2019Univers\nhistorique)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Csordas, Thomas (1995, 2003).\nEmbodiment and Experience. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Darwin, Charles (1899). On\nthe Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. New York: D. Appleton and\nCompany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De Nardis, Paolo (1999).\nSociologia del limite. Rome: Meltemi Editore srl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De Preester Helena, Manos\nTsakiris (2009). \u00abBody Extension vs Body Incorporation.\u00bb Springer Science +\nBusiness Media B. V.: 27 February.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ekman, Paul (1985). Telling\nLies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics and Marriage. London;\nNewYork: W.W. Norton and Company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fortunati, Leopoldina, James\nE. Katz and Raimonda Riccini (2003). Mediating the Human Body: Technology,\nCommunication and Fashion. London; NewYork: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates\nPublishers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Galimberti, Umberto (1998).\nLes Raisons du Corps. Paris: Edition Grasset et Fasquelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Goman, Carol Kinsey (2008).\nThe Nonverbal Adevntage: Secrets and Science of Body Languag Eat Work. London:\nBerett-Koehler Publisher. (Bk Business)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Haraway, Donna (1991).\nSimians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. London: Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ihde, Don (2010). Embodiment\nand Technics-At the Brink of Biology. New York: Automatic Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Longo, Giuseppe (2003). \u00abBody\nand Technology: Continuity or Discontinuity.\u00bb in: Mediating the Human Body:\nTechnology, Communication, and Fashion. Edited by Leopoldina Fortunati, James\nE. Katz and Raimonda Riccini. London; NewYork: Taylor and Fran\u00e7is e-Library.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meijsing, Monica (2006).\n\u00abReal People and Virtual Bodies: How Disembodied Can<br>\nEmbodiment Be?.\u00bb Minds and Machines: vol. 16, no. 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peace, Allan (1981 and 1997).\nLimbajul Trupului. Bucure\u0219ti: Polimark. (Psihologia vie\u0163ii cotidiene).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ventrella, Jeffrey (2011).\nVirtual Body Language. London: ETC Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n        <div class=\"booster-block booster-reactions-block\">\n            <div class=\"twp-reactions-icons\">\n                \n                <div class=\"twp-reacts-wrap\">\n                    <a react-data=\"be-react-1\" post-id=\"59982\" class=\"be-face-icons un-reacted\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/wp-content\/plugins\/booster-extension\/\/assets\/icon\/happy.svg\" alt=\"Happy\">\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"twp-reaction-title\">\n                        Happy                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"twp-count-percent\">\n                                                    <span style=\"display: none;\" class=\"twp-react-count\">0<\/span>\n                        \n                                                <span class=\"twp-react-percent\"><span>0<\/span> %<\/span>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"twp-reacts-wrap\">\n                    <a react-data=\"be-react-2\" post-id=\"59982\" class=\"be-face-icons un-reacted\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/wp-content\/plugins\/booster-extension\/\/assets\/icon\/sad.svg\" alt=\"Sad\">\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"twp-reaction-title\">\n                        Sad                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"twp-count-percent\">\n                                                    <span style=\"display: none;\" class=\"twp-react-count\">0<\/span>\n                                                                        <span class=\"twp-react-percent\"><span>0<\/span> %<\/span>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"twp-reacts-wrap\">\n                    <a react-data=\"be-react-3\" post-id=\"59982\" class=\"be-face-icons un-reacted\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/wp-content\/plugins\/booster-extension\/\/assets\/icon\/excited.svg\" alt=\"Excited\">\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"twp-reaction-title\">\n                        Excited                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"twp-count-percent\">\n                                                    <span style=\"display: none;\" class=\"twp-react-count\">0<\/span>\n                                                                        <span class=\"twp-react-percent\"><span>0<\/span> %<\/span>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"twp-reacts-wrap\">\n                    <a react-data=\"be-react-6\" post-id=\"59982\" class=\"be-face-icons un-reacted\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/wp-content\/plugins\/booster-extension\/\/assets\/icon\/sleepy.svg\" alt=\"Sleepy\">\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"twp-reaction-title\">\n                        Sleepy                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"twp-count-percent\">\n                                                    <span style=\"display: none;\" class=\"twp-react-count\">0<\/span>\n                        \n                                                <span class=\"twp-react-percent\"><span>0<\/span> %<\/span>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"twp-reacts-wrap\">\n                    <a react-data=\"be-react-4\" post-id=\"59982\" class=\"be-face-icons un-reacted\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/wp-content\/plugins\/booster-extension\/\/assets\/icon\/angry.svg\" alt=\"Angry\">\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"twp-reaction-title\">Angry<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"twp-count-percent\">\n                                                    <span style=\"display: none;\" class=\"twp-react-count\">0<\/span>\n                                                                        <span class=\"twp-react-percent\"><span>0<\/span> %<\/span>\n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"twp-reacts-wrap\">\n                    <a react-data=\"be-react-5\" post-id=\"59982\" class=\"be-face-icons un-reacted\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/wp-content\/plugins\/booster-extension\/\/assets\/icon\/surprise.svg\" alt=\"Surprise\">\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"twp-reaction-title\">Surprise<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"twp-count-percent\">\n                                                    <span style=\"display: none;\" class=\"twp-react-count\">0<\/span>\n                                                                        <span class=\"twp-react-percent\"><span>0<\/span> %<\/span>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n    ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 &#8230;_\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064d \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u061f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u061f \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":59983,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[11],"tags":[22688,22686],"class_list":["post-59982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-11","tag-22688","tag-22686"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.almadar.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA.jpg?fit=300%2C168&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8NJWL-fBs","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59982"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59982\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/59983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.almadar.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}